Evaluation Criteria of the Occupational Choices

Evaluation Criteria of the Occupational Choices Introduction Every person makes decisions that influence further life and choices made. While choosing an occupation, an individual might experience certain stress and take into account a number of factors or evaluative criteria (hereinafter used in the text to identify the factors influencing the occupational choices of people with different background, ethnicity, and family income as well as personal motives).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Evaluation Criteria of the Occupational Choices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, it is necessary to consider the most common evaluation criteria to analyse the occupational choices for three individuals with regard to their own gender, age, ethnicity, and education. For instance, â€Å"Holland’s theory states that vocational interests are an important expression of personality, and can be used to meaningfully categorise people and work environments † (Barrick, Mount and Gupta 2003, p. 47). This means that each person can be interested in more than one occupation due to the analysis of preferences and personal traits that are in turn grounded on background, experience, education, ethnicity, gender, and other peculiar features. The list presented below suggests six potential occupations that can be considered similar in terms of certain aspects but have significant number of differences so that people with different occupational interests can choose the one applicable to their preferences. Veterinarian, dentist, journalist, sales manager, teacher, and social worker are the occupations for analysis. As personal traits mean a lot for choice of the profession, many people experience difficulties due to more than one interest concerning the occupational applicability. So, we shall investigate on the peculiarities of occupational choices for people of different age, ethnicity, and gender as well as personal traits that influenc e the occupational choices and value of certain criteria. The evaluation criteria will include income, social status, working hours, job security, risk or challenge, and variety. Decision Matrix Potential occupations Evaluation criteria Veterinarian Dentist Journalist Sales manager Teacher Social worker Income Social status Working hours Job security Risk/challenge Variety The table presented above suggests a list of potential occupations for assessment and a number of evaluation criteria to measure the satisfaction and commitment as they are associated with these professions. The scale will be based on the numbers from one to five given in different cases. Thus, one will be given when the criterion is of little importance or is not important at all; two will be given if the criterion is still of minor importance but is actually taken into account. Three will be given if the respondent treats the criterion as an integral part of the activity but pays little attention to its value; for example, if a respondent gives three for the activity of teaching in terms of income; this means that the income is an integral part of this activity but it is not as high as for the occupation of a dentist, for instance.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Four will be given if the parameter is of great importance for a respondent and the activity has great variety in terms of this factor; in other words, if four is given the activity of a journalist in terms of working hours, the person engaged in the area of journalism can be freely engaged into this activity using working hours in the way he/she thinks it necessary and most beneficial for the final result such as sensational reportage or something similar. Respondent One The first respondent chosen to assess the decision matrix is a female aged 28, wh ite, non-Hispanic, higher education, employed as a teacher of elementary school, not married, have no children. As education is an influential factor that impacts greatly the assessment of evaluation criteria, it is necessary to analyse the importance of these factors for this respondent (hereinafter referred to as Respondent A). Potential occupations by Respondent A Evaluation criteria Veterinarian Dentist Journalist Sales manager Teacher Social worker Income 3 5 4 4 3 3 Social status 3 5 4 4 4 3 Working hours 3 3 4 3 3 2 Job security 5 5 3 4 5 5 Risk/challenge 2 2 4 4 3 3 Variety 2 2 5 4 2 3 The table presented above suggests the scores given by the Respondent A to six potential activities with regard to six evaluation criteria assigned to those activities in this or that way. In other words, the Respondent A thinks the occupation of dentist, veterinarian, teacher, and social worker to be most job-secured while the activities of dentist, veterinarian, and teac her are the ones lacking variety. As suggested in the study by Murnane, Singer and Willett (1989), the salaries and job opportunities are highly influential for teachers, especially with regard to their educational degree and the level of experience counted in years of work. It is also necessary to indicate that previously the Respondent A identified the evaluation criteria with regard to the way she thinks important for her while choosing the occupation. Respondent A Income Social status Working hours Job security Risk /challenge variety Assessment 4 5 3 4 1 3 Respondent Two The next respondent for assessment is a male aged 52; he is a Hispanic who is employed as a fireman for 25 years. He is married and has two children who study currently at college. This respondent hereinafter will be referred to as Respondent B. Respondent B Income Social status Working hours Job security Risk /challenge variety Assessment 3 4 3 5 4 4 The answers of this respondent are i nfluenced greatly by his family status and working experience that requires from him a stable job though the risk of the occupation is very important for this person due to the long experience of fighting against the fire. The occupational choice of this person was preconditioned by the performance level and educational achievements (Cole and Barber 2003). Women, on the contrary, try to achieve more with the help of educational achievements that enable them to attain more in terms of the job opportunities and occupational choice with regard to social status and prestige of the profession (Eccles 1994, p. 586). The next step that should be taken is to ask the Respondent B to assess the potential occupations and the evaluation criteria mentioned above.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Evaluation Criteria of the Occupational Choices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Potential occupations by Respondent B Evalua tion criteria Veterinarian Dentist Journalist Sales manager Teacher Social worker Income 4 5 3 3 2 2 Social status 3 4 2 2 4 3 Working hours 3 3 4 3 3 4 Job security 5 5 3 4 5 5 Risk/challenge 1 1 3 1 1 1 Variety 1 1 5 3 3 3 The table preset above characterises the way the Respondent B treats the activities suggested for assessment in terms of the evaluation criteria such as social status, working hours, variety, job security, income, and risk or challenge imposed by professional duties. In other words, this person thinks the occupations of all suggested activities, except the journalism, dull and boring. At the same time, it is necessary to mention that the Respondent B thinks these occupations to be characterised with high job security level due to stable engagement and demand for services provided by professionals in these areas. Respondent Three The last respondent for this assessment is a female aged 35, black, divorced, no children, employed as a barrister in a private company that operates in this area for a few decades. It is necessary to mention that the study by Judge and Bretz (1991) supports the idea of organizational culture and its perception by employees as one of the stable factors in the work value and higher assessment of job opportunities in the company. In other words, the respondent hereinafter referred to as Respondent C was highly-influenced by the desire to achieve results with the company that has long traditions and effective performance in the market of barrister services. Respondent C Income Social status Working hours Job security Risk /challenge variety Assessment 5 5 3 4 4 3 As suggested in the table presented above, the Respondent C is driven by such evaluation criteria as income and social status whereas working hours and variety of the job are treated by this individual as integral parts of the job. At the same time, it is necessary to analyse the way the Respondent C assessed the potential activitie s presented in the very beginning of the test with regard to the evaluation criteria assessed earlier. Potential occupations by Respondent C Evaluation criteria Veterinarian Dentist Journalist Sales manager Teacher Social worker Income 4 5 3 3 3 3 Social status 4 5 3 3 4 4 Working hours 2 2 4 3 2 2 Job security 4 4 2 3 3 3 Risk/challenge 1 1 5 2 1 2 Variety 2 2 4 2 2 2 The Respondent C treats the occupations of dentist and veterinarian to be most payable in terms of income and the activities of dentist, veterinarian, and teacher to be the least risk/challenge imposing. The profession of a journalist is treated by the Respondent C as the most risky or challenging while it is, at the same time, the less secured and one of those with mediocre social status along with the occupation of a sales manager. Analysis of Data After analysing the data from the tables with the help of the compensatory decision model, it turned out that respondents fit some occupations sugges ted as potential professions. In this respect, the calculations were performed with the help of a simple formula:Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ro=WBo, where Ro – is the overall rating of the occupation, W – is the rating given by the respondent to the evaluation criteria with regard to personal interests and preferences, Bo – is the rating given by the respondent to the potential occupations with regard to its perception due to influences of social environment and background. In this respect, it is necessary to present the data calculated with the help of this formula in terms of every respondent and results received on each occupation. Respondent A. This respondent would best fit the occupation of a dentist or a sales manager while the occupation of a social worker is the least applicable for the Respondent A: Veterinarian – 64; dentist – 82; journalist – 75; sales manager – 77; teacher – 70; social worker – 65. These facts support the idea suggested by Rynes (1989) who managed to trace the relation between the recruitment and post-recruitment consequences. In other words, a person can achieve other features necessary for the position he/she obtains while certain features can be beneficial in other occupational areas. The study by Elrod, Johnson and White (2004) contains evidence of the mathematical nature of decision-making and opportunities to calculate and compare the expected outcomes and the real results of certain decisions. Respondent B. For the Respondent B the most appropriate occupation is the journalism because it involves a higher level of risk than all other occupational areas presented for the assessment. The least applicable occupations for the Respondent B are the activity of a veterinarian and sales manager: Veterinarian – 66; dentist – 73; journalist – 76; sales manager – 62; teacher – 72; social worker – 71. As you can see, the features and experience of the Respondent B turned out to be applicable to four occupations out of six. This suggests another explanation of the theory presented by Polachek (1981) who argued about the sex differences in occupational choices and further engagement. Respondent C. It is clear from the results that the Respondent C would not become a teacher, a social worker, a sales manager or a veterinarian. However, there is a high possibility that this person would perform effectively in the area of such occupations as dentistry and journalism: Veterinarian – 72; dentist – 82; journalist – 82; sales manager – 65; teacher – 63; social worker – 67. It is possible to assume that two respondents have similar results due to their gender while the Respondent B is a male and the results received after calculating his decisions differ from those received after calculating the data on responses from Respondent A and Respondent C. The assessment of the data turned out to be very interesting and contributing to the overall data collected on the issue of decision-making, it assessment, and its value f or occupational choices made in different ages by representatives of different genders. As reported by Barrick and Mount (1991), there is a great number of researches conducted on the matter of occupational characteristics and applicability of the personal features to a specific occupational area. Conclusion To conclude, the responses of participants of the assessment are different due to a number of factors including demographics and personality. Thus, the Respondent A considered the social status to be the most important criterion while assessing the occupation while the risk was an undesired feature of the activity. At the same time, the Respondent B worked for years on the position that requires risk and ability to make decisions in extreme situations. This is why he values the profession of journalist higher than other occupations presented for assessment because he thinks the activity of journalist imposes greater risk on a person engaged into this area. It is also necessary t o mention that the Respondent C values income and social status as the greatest benefits of the occupation. In this respect, she considers the occupation of dentist as the most appropriate one while the activity of journalist got equal rating due to certain challanges of this occupation which are also valued by this respondent. Reference List Barrick, M. R., and Mount, M. K., 1991. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, pp. 1-26. Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., and Gupta, R., 2003. Meta-analysis of the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and Holland’s occupational types. Personnel Psychology, 56, pp. 45-74. Cole, Stephen, and Barber, Elinor, 2003. Increasing faculty diversity: the occupational choices of high-achieving minority students. Continuing Higher Education Review, 67, pp. 183-188. Eccles, J. S., 1994. Understanding women’s educational and occupational choices: applying the Eccleâ €™s et al. model of achievement-related choices. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 585-609. Elrod, Terry, Johnson, R. D., and White, J., 2004. A new integrated model of noncompensatory and compensatory decision strategies. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 95, pp. 1-19. Judge, T. A., and Bretz, R. D., Jr., 1991. The effects of work values on job choice decisions. CAHRS Working Paper, 91-23, pp. 1-35. Murnane, R. J., Singer, J. D., and Willett, J. B., 1989. The influences of salaries and ‘opportunity costs on teacher’s career choices: evidence from North Carolina. Harvard Educational Review, 59 (3), pp. 325-346. Polachek, Solomon W., 1981. Occupational self-selection: a human capital approach to sex differences in occupational structure. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 63 (1), pp. 60-69. Rynes, S. L., 1989. Recruitment, job choice, and post -hire consequences: a call for new research directions. CAHRS Working Paper, 89-07, pp. 1-92.

The Hobbit, Supreme Ordeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Hobbit, Supreme Ordeal - Essay Example Tasha Martin, the author builds the character in a series of hero journey steps that ultimately points out to the common path of heroes in the narrative. Bilbo lives a lavish life, enjoying seven meals per day, in this narrative; he wins this honor through a series of the ordeal that persistently depict his ultimate courage, pride, and persistence. His ordeal begins when he refuses to go with the wizard on adventure despite the arrival of the thirteen dwarves. In this episode, the wizard had tried his best to plead with him to accompany him on an adventure, after this he noticed that his mentor convinced him to accompany him for the adventure after the dwarves had gone (Tolkien 35). Initially, he is convinced that respectable Hobbits like him should not go for adventure. Elrond remarks â€Å"Ah, I shant be missed,† and Bilbo reply â€Å"The truth is most of them don’t think I should be on this journey,† reveals how other characters detested his presence in the journey. However, the change of mind to pursue dwarves becomes one of the biggest ordeal in his journey to be a hero. Later on, he realized that he had erred in judgment and decided to pursue the dwarves. On this journey, he meets both allies and enemies. It became a journey that shaped his personal stature and rise to be a recognized hero. Arguably, his pursuit of the dwarves is the best moment that helps bring out his heroism. Evidently, the most important event was the trial with the three trolls, the giant spiders and Gollum. Although he had encountered a number of trials during his pursuit, this special trial almost broke his stature.

Diversity Within Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Diversity Within Organizations - Essay Example So this paper is aimed at finding valid answers to many different questions about diversity in the work settings. Globalization is fostering a world of diversity, and this trend presents challenges as opportunities. It is better to be well informed in this area of knowledge in order to make the best decisions when dealing with workplace diversity. Managing diversity within organizations requires tremendous efforts since managing uniformity is relatively easier. There are many tangible benefits of managing diversity in a business world that requires it. More and more diversity is becoming more important due to the globalization process and the diversity in the marketplace of products and services that are aimed at a diverse audience. Hickman (n.d.) stresses that managing diversity is "more challenging, expensive, time consuming, demanding, stressful, and prone to fail". But it is a necessary task to tackle this challenge of managing workplace diversity. Even though uniformity is easier to manage, it has some important drawbacks as Hickman remarks: "an abundance of research and experience shows that organizations and work environments with high levels of required uniformity inevitably stifle creativity and innovation, retard initiative-taking, prevent widespread accountability for results, limit freedom to expand and create value, and weaken individual motivation, commitment and fulfillment." (Hickman, n.d.). On the other hand, a diverse organization can be much more creative and competitive when it is manager through a unified vision. According to Hickman, "Diversity must be carefully and constantly nurtured, because creating an organization is a lot like leveling ground. Both activities create new space where the initial staffing or first species will attempt to dominate and control diversity. The very act of establishing and staffing an organization begins a process of limiting diversity, unless diversity is genuinely valued and vigilantly nurtured." (Hickman, n.d.). So it is extremely important to nurture diversity in order to achieve the desired results of meeting the needs of a diverse marketplace, especially in the context of global markets. 2.- Importance of Workplace Diversity. Technological advances have permitted that many companies can have an international presence, and at the same time this means that new work environments are created with a diverse workforce in those nations. Human Resource departments shouldn't be biased according to gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, physical abilities, or nationality. According to SmallBusinessBible.org (n.d.) "The only apparatus of judgment should be educational background, work experience and expertise. Differences may prevail on an interpersonal level due to inequality in personalities, work styles, communication styles, and organizational skills." Diversity policies should be implemented in an effective and meaningful way in the work environments. An obvious importance of such policies it that it creates synergy among its employees. So creativity can be fostered in a more intelligent and efficacious manner. SmallBusinessBible.org states that "The end result of such diversity is a working environment that is inclusive. It is important for the HR

What went wrong with LIBOR, EURIBOR, etc Assignment

What went wrong with LIBOR, EURIBOR, etc - Assignment Example A lot of cases involving misconduct among employees were reported. It is reported that Barclay derivative dealers made several requests to fix the currency rates. The Barclays traders would regularly call the Libor and Euribor traders asking for a specific rate. The liquidity concerns became high in the public domain. Part of this was contributed by the instant collapse of Northern Rock. Investigations were yet underway, but it was almost obvious that Barclays had played a role. At one point, senior treasury managers had to intervene to reduce publicity against Libor. It was later discovered that Libor submissions was being set unrealistically low. It was revealed by Barclay’s agent that they were underreporting as a means of trying to reduce the level of stigma against Libor. From these realizations, the litigation process began in the bid to unveil what was behind this. The matter was undertaken by officials from New York Federal Reserve Bank. The case proceeded up to 2012 when Barclays submitted to misconduct and the bank was fined about $60

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey: Scylla and Charybdis :: Odyssey essays

The Odyssey - Scylla and Charybdis One of the most difficult tasks as a parent is to teach your child lifes lessons. Many have tried, and many have failed. But over the ages most successful ideas have come in a form of story or tale. Aesops Fables, nursery rhymes, and other tales of caution are used even today to teach this common knowledge one must have. In the Greek civilization, thousands of years ago, many children were taught through these fun and interesting stories. The Odyssey is one of these tales. Through the many episodes telling the adventures of one man, Odysseus, numerous life lessons and morals were taught to the reader. One valuable episode in The Odyssey is Scylla and Charybdis. Not only does it provide excitement and interest for the reader, but it is an effective part of The Odyssey because of its superb insight to Odysseus character, and the clear life lesson that is taught. Especially in todays' world, one key to making a story interesting or exciting is to include action. For example many recent blockbuster hits are action packed. Titanic, Independence Day, and Terminator 2, all are examples of these hits. The Odyssey is no exception to this trick or technique. In the episode Scylla and Charybdis the plot is filled with intense confrontations, a heroic leader, and more. Some of this can be easily identified, for example, when Homer writes; "... scarcely had that island faded in the blue air than I saw smoke and white water with waves in tumult- a sound the men heard, and it terrified them. Oars flew from their hands; the blades went knocking wild alongside till the ship lost way..." (756-763) What the author is doing is letting the reader foreshadow. A technique which creates suspense, a vital element in any action story. The author then explained what was being hinted at; "... we rowed into the strait- Scylla to our port and on our starboard beam Charybdis, dire gorge of the salt-sea tide. By heaven when she vomited all the sea was like a cauldron seething over intense fire..." (796-800) "... [The] dark sand raged on the bottom far below.

Northern Lights by Philip Pullman Essay

Analysis of northern lights how the author presents the characters within the novel for example looking at animal symbolism. Lord Asriels daemon is the Snow leopard. It is elegant as it moves with grace and speed, it seems royal as she slinks with confidence an power in every stride. Lord Ariel is a serious man he was heartless and cruel to his own daughter. on one occasion in the book he grabs her forcefully by the arm. He is an arrogant character, who is feared and respected. â€Å"His daemon growled with deep savage rumble that made Lyra suddenly aware of what it would be like to have teeth meeting in her throat.† Having this animal as lord Asriels daemon reinforces the more negative and suspicious feelings towards him. That he is as powerful as he is dangerous. He is, in many ways just like his daemon; cold hearted, vicious, strong in body and mind. â€Å"†¦all his movements were large and perfectly balanced, like those of a wild animal and when he appeared in a room like this he seemed a wild animal held in a cage to small for it.† He as well as his daemon had elegance, and the author even compared lord Asriel himself to a wild animal. His daemon, was enticing with lush fur so beautiful, yet she is the predator, the hunter, fierce and untamed, like her master, the leopard seems silent but deadly, sweet but if provoked you are left vulnerable to her attack. You need beware when lord Asriel is on the prowl. Martin Lanselius has a serpent daemon, the characteristic of witch people tend not to trust as they’re sly, sneaky, slimy and deceitful. Martin Lanselius is one of the people on the which’s council so far he seems fair, just an kind. â€Å"The little green serpent daemon raised it’s head from the consul’s collar and whispered tongue flickeringly in his ear†. By using the words whispered tongue flickeringly, It makes you imagine the slimy tongue harsh in your ear, it makes you feel uneasy, by whispered it seems sneaky and suspicious like he has something to hide. Typically a snake or serpent is bad, they trick and deceive.*1 This gives us a very negative opinion of Martin Lanseluis, and without his daemon it wouldn’t be there. We are influenced by the serpent daemon, especially because it contradicts so drastically; the mean lying snake, with the sweet and caring Martin Larnselius. Ma Costa’s daemon is a pack animal, a wolf like dog. They are playful, full of spirit, loyal and very protective, especially those in their fellow pack. It’s easy to see the cute lovable exterior, but the wolf in them makes him stronger, with force and determination the wolf attacks it’s prey, with razor sharp teeth he cuts through the skin and sinks them deep into the flesh. They can be very dangerous, very vicious. Ma Costa is both loyal and confident sweet and gentle to her family and friends imparticular. But can be bad-tempered. When on one occasion Lyra tried to steal Ma Costa boat, she struck Lyra her across the face but previously she watched over Lyra as a baby. â€Å"†¦a great grey dog bent down gently to lick Pentaliments wild cat-head†. This shows how kind he is even to strangers he is welcoming. This is one of the few things we hear about the daemon so far. I think the influence by the dog is both positive and negative, positive because you think first of the innocent looking dog which will protect it’s family. But also negative when you think how dangerous a wolf can be. Like the snow leopard the wolf is a hunters. But you don’t get told a lot about the daemon therefore the influence to Ma Costa is minimal. Farder Coram had Sophonax, his daemon cat. She moved with grace and confidence, her soft fur warm and inviting. Her presence was soothing and mysterious. Farder Coram was quite old, however his mind unchanged by time, still sharp and alert. But his withered old body looks frail and tired. Forder Coram is just like his daemon as he is confident wise, but with an air of mystery like he’s not giving anything away. Even though you don’t know him he seems friendly like he’s known you for years â€Å"Sophonax†¦was golden eyed, and elegant beyond measure, fully twice as large as a real cat, and richly furred.† This emphasizes the appeal and makes the cat seem heavenly, like it’s magnificent and extraordinary. I think the daemon gives us an even more positive opinion of Farder Coram. â€Å"He could not walk without leaning on two sticks and he trembled constantly like an aspen leaf. His mind was sharp and clear he was a powerful man†. This shows how weak he looked, but how strong minded he was. By having this unique cat makes me think that when Farder Coram was younger he was lively an adventure. But still he was every bit as admired, and was adventurous on the inside.

Emergency Admission For Diabetes, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

Emergency Admission for Diabetes in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Introduction Diabetes mellitus has been identified as a major health problem in Saudi Arabia due to adoption of modern lifestyle that promotes poor eating habits and sedentary (Elhadd et al., 2007). Moreover, indigenous Saudi Arabia population has a genetic predisposition to type II diabetes that is complicated by consanguinity. According to Khalid et al. (2011) the prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia increased from 4% in 1982 to approximately 30% in 2009. This is a significantly high compared to other countries such as England, where the prevalence is 7.9%. Badran Laher (2012) noted that the complications that are most prevalent in Saudi diabetes patients include†¦show more content†¦A study conducted by Alamoudi et al. (2009) that sought to determine the pattern of hospitalization for common diseases in Saudi showed that diabetes was the most common diagnoses among hospitalized patients. Cases of diabetes in Arab nations have been noted to be the highest and constantly increasing. Beshyah et al. (2011) sought to determine the pattern of diabetes hospitalization in Abu Dhabi. It was found that over 71% of diabetes admissions were from the emergency room. Hospital stay was noted as 4 days for secondary diagnosis and 5 days for primary diabetes diagnosis. While complications such as stroke, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state and diabetic ketoacidosis are some of the complications that result in emergency admission for diabetes (Ahmed, 2014), Aldaqal et al. (2012) noted that diabetes is a major cause of emergency admission in post-operative patients. The complications being cholelithiasis and patients having a prolonged hospital stay. Although the emergency admission rate for diabetes is lower (70%) compared to 84% in England and 86% in Wales, and hospital shorter (4-5 days), compared 8 nights in England (National Diabetes Inpatient Audit, 2013), the cases of undiagnosed diabetes Arab countries is high (Alhyas et al., 2012) and this may construe the facts. The reviewed literature presents evidence from studies carried out some few years back regarding emergency